suffer

英 ['sʌfə] 美['sʌfɚ]

第三人称单数: suffers;过去式: suffered;过去分词: suffered;现在分词: suffering;

suffer 受苦，受难，忍受，遭受

suf-,在下，-fer,承担，承载，词源同 bring,infer.引申诸相关比喻义。

suffer: suffer: [13] To suffer something is etymologically to ‘hold it up from underneath’, to ‘sustain’ it’. The word comes via Anglo-Norman suffrir from Vulgar Latin *sufferīre, an alteration of Latin sufferre ‘sustain’. This was a compound verb formed from the prefix sub- ‘up from underneath’ and ferre ‘carry’ (a relative of English bear). The word’s modern meaning evolved from ‘sustain’ via ‘undergo’ and ‘undergo something unpleasant’ to ‘endure’.
=> bear
suffer (v.): mid-13c., "allow to occur or continue, permit, tolerate, fail to prevent or suppress," also "to be made to undergo, endure, be subjected to" (pain, death, punishment, judgment, grief), from Anglo-French suffrir, Old French sofrir "bear, endure, resist; permit, tolerate, allow" (Modern French souffrir), from Vulgar Latin *sufferire, variant of Latin sufferre "to bear, undergo, endure, carry or put under," from sub "up, under" (see sub-) + ferre "to carry" (see infer).

Replaced Old English þolian, þrowian. Meaning "submit meekly to" is from early 14c. Meaning "undergo, be subject to, be affected by, experience; be acted on by an agent" is from late 14c. Related: Suffered; sufferer; suffering. Suffering ______! as an exclamation is attested from 1859.

1. Those who suffer from narcissism become self-absorbed or chronic show-offs.: 被自恋症折磨的人会变得只专注于自己的事情，或者不断地自我炫耀。

2. If climate changes continue, we will suffer the consequences.: 如果气候变化继续下去，我们将自食其果。

3. Of course, the British will suffer such daily stresses patiently.: 当然，英国人将会耐心地承受这些日常压力。