refuse

英 [rɪ'fjuːz] 美[ri'fjʊz]

第三人称单数: refuses;过去式: refused;过去分词: refused;现在分词: refusing;

refuse 拒绝，回绝

re-,向后，往回，-fus,流入，词源同 refund,fusion.即流回，引申词义拒绝，回绝。

refuse: refuse: [14] Refuse comes via Old French refuser from an unrecorded Vulgar Latin *refūsāre. It is not altogether clear where this came from, for it has no direct Latin antecedent. One theory is that it represents a blend of Latin recūsāre ‘refuse’ (source of English recusant [16]), a compound verb based on causa ‘cause’, and refūtāre ‘rebut’ (source of English refute [16]), a compound verb based on the element *fūt-, found also in English confute [16].

But another long-established school of thought derives it from refūsus, the past participle of Latin refundere ‘pour back’ (source of English refund [14]) – the underlying notion being of something ‘poured back’ or ‘rejected’. The noun refuse ‘rubbish’ [15] probably comes from Old French refus ‘refusal’, a derivative of refuser ‘refuse’.
refuse (v.): c. 1300, from Old French refuser "reject, disregard, avoid" (12c.), from Vulgar Latin *refusare, frequentative form from past participle stem of Latin refundere "pour back, give back" (see refund (v.)). Related: Refused; refusing.
refuse (n.): mid-14c., "an outcast;" mid-14c., "a rejected thing, waste material, trash," from Old French refus "waste product, rubbish; refusal, denial, rejection," a back-formation from the past participle of refuser (see refuse (v.)). As an adjective from late 14c., "despised, rejected;" early 15c., "of low quality."

1. The District Council made a weekly collection of refuse.: 区政务委员会每周收取一次垃圾。

2. I've always had a loud mouth, I refuse to be silenced.: 我一贯大声说出自己的想法，不会迫于压力而一言不发。

4. Those who refuse to repent, he said, will be punished.: 那些拒不悔改的人，他说，将会受到惩罚。

5. You were quite within your rights to refuse to co-operate with him.: 你完全有权拒绝跟他合作。