ill

• adj. 生病的；坏的；邪恶的；不吉利的
• adv. 不利地；恶劣地；几乎不
• n. 疾病；不幸
• n. (Ill)人名；(捷、匈)伊尔

来自中古英语ille,邪恶的，不道德的，来自PIE*elk,伤口，脓疮，词源同ulcus,ulcerous.最终词义又回归其词源义生病的，疾病的。

ill

ill: [12] ‘Sick’ is not the original meaning of ill. To start with it meant ‘bad’ (a sense which survives, of course, in contexts such as ‘ill-will’, ‘illmannered’, etc), and ‘sick’ did not come on the scene until the 15th century. The word was borrowed from Old Norse illr, which is something of a mystery: it has other modern descendants in Swedish illa and Danish ilde ‘badly’, but its other relations are highly dubious (Irish olc has been compared) and no one knows where it originally came from. The sense ‘sick’ was probably inspired by an impersonal usage in Old Norse which meant literally ‘it is bad to me’.
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ill (adj.)

c. 1200, "morally evil" (other 13c. senses were "malevolent, hurtful, unfortunate, difficult"), from Old Norse illr "ill, bad," of unknown origin. Not considered to be related to evil. Main modern sense of "sick, unhealthy, unwell" is first recorded mid-15c., probably related to Old Norse idiom "it is bad to me." Slang inverted sense of "very good, cool" is 1980s. As a noun, "something evil," from mid-13c.

ill (v.)

early 13c., "to do evil to," from ill (adj.). Meaing "to speak disparagingly" is from 1520s. Related: Illed; illing.

ill (adv.)

c. 1200, "wickedly; with hostility;" see ill (adj.). Meaning "not well, poorly" is from c. 1300. It generally has not shifted to the realm of physical sickess, as the adjective has done. Ill-fated recorded from 1710; ill-informed from 1824; ill-tempered from c. 1600; ill-starred from c. 1600. Generally contrasted with well, hence the useful, but now obsolete or obscure illcome (1570s), illfare (c. 1300), and illth.

1. "I'm afraid he's ill." — "I'm sorry to hear that."

“恐怕他生病了。”——“真是遗憾。”

来自柯林斯例句

2. Her daughters visited him from time to time when he was ill.

他生病的时候她的女儿们时常去探望他。

来自柯林斯例句

3. She was so ill that she was put on a respirator.

她病得很严重，被戴上了人工呼吸器。

来自柯林斯例句

4. An employer can demand written certification that the relative is really ill.

雇主可以要求出具书面证明，证实员工的亲人确实病了。

来自柯林斯例句

5. These various complaints are part of a continuum of ill-health.

这些各种各样的疾病、不适都是身体健康状况欠佳的一种表现。

来自柯林斯例句