control

英 [kən'trəʊl] 美[kən'trol]

复数: controls;第三人称单数: controls;过去式: controlled;过去分词: controlled;现在分词: controlling;

control 控制

contra-, 相对，相反。-roll, 轮子。本义为中世纪的一种反向复核的帐目检查方法。

control: control: [15] Implausible as it may seem, control’s closest relative in English is contrarotating. It has its origins in a medieval method of checking accounts which involved a duplicate register, or ‘counter-roll’, as it was known (contrārotulus in medieval Latin, contrā meaning ‘opposite’ and rotulus being the diminutive of rota ‘wheel’).

From the medieval Latin noun a verb was formed, contrārotulāre, meaning ‘check accounts by such means’, and hence ‘exert authority’. This passed into English via Anglo-Norman contreroller. The spelling of the agent noun controller as comptroller, still encountered in certain official designations, arises from an erroneous 16th-century association of the first syllable with count, from late Latin computus.
=> rota, rotate
control (v.): early 14c., "to check, verify, regulate," from Anglo-French contreroller "exert authority," from Medieval Latin contrarotulus "a counter, register," from Latin contra- "against" (see contra) + rotulus, diminutive of rota "wheel" (see roll (n.)). From a medieval method of checking accounts by a duplicate register. Sense of "dominate, direct" is mid-15c. Related: Controlled; controlling.

Control group in scientific experiments is attested from 1952 (from a sense of control attested since 1875).
control (n.): 1580s, from control (v.). Control freak is late 1960s slang.

1. The American English spelling for the word " controll " is " control ".: “ 控制 ” 一词的美国英语拼写法是 “ control ”.

2. The volume of scheduled flights is straining the air traffic control system.: 定期航班的数量正让空中交通指挥系统不堪重负。

3. The passengers went through immigration control and collected their baggage.: 旅客通过入境检查后领取了自己的行李。

4. Condoms are an effective method of birth control if used with care.: 如果使用得当，避孕套是很有效的避孕手段。